Pengaruh Pupuk Kompos Jerami Padi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum L.) pada Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning

Abstract

Green onion (Allium fistulosum L.) is an economically important horticultural crop widely used as a flavoring ingredient in Indonesian cuisine and valued for its nutritional content, including vitamin C, provitamin A, and essential minerals. However, productivity remains low among farmers, primarily due to cultivation on marginal soils such as Podzolic Red-Yellow (PMK) soil, which is widespread across Indonesia, particularly in Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Sulawesi. PMK soils are characterized by high acidity (pH < 5.5), high exchangeable aluminum, low cation exchange capacity, and deficiency in macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, severely limiting crop growth and nutrient uptake. Rice straw compost represents a promising organic amendment to address these constraints, as it contains essential nutrients, improves soil structure, enhances cation exchange capacity, and stimulates beneficial soil microbial activity. This study evaluated the effect of rice straw compost at varying doses on the growth and yield of green onion cultivated on PMK soil. The research was conducted in Bugang Village, Hulu Gurung District, Kapuas Hulu Regency, from May to July 2024, using a Completely Randomized Design with six treatments: J0 (control/no compost), J1 (40 g/polybag), J2 (45 g/polybag), J3 (50 g/polybag), J4 (55 g/polybag), and J5 (60 g/polybag), each replicated four times. Parameters measured included plant height, leaf number, tiller number, and fresh weight. Results showed highly significant effects (p < 0.01) on leaf number and tiller number, but non-significant effects on plant height and fresh weight. Treatment J4 produced the tallest plants (60.00 cm), while J5 yielded the highest leaf number (23.75 leaves) and tiller number (6.25 tillers), and J3 resulted in the highest fresh weight (40.25 g). These findings indicate that rice straw compost at 50–60 g/polybag effectively enhances vegetative growth of green onion on acidic, nutrient-poor PMK soils